第二十三章 指尖如酒[第2页/共6页]

◆Intelligence

Basicassumptionsareaboutpeople’snature，thenatureofhumanrelationships，thenatureofhumanactivity，andthenatureoftherelationshipsbetweenpeopleandtheirphysicalandsocialenvironments.Basicassumptionsinhumannatureareconsistof:Freedom-Determinism，Rationality-Irrationality，Holism-Elemetalism，Constitutionalism-Environmentalism，Subjectivity-Objectivity，Proactivity-Reactivity，Homeostasis-Heterostasis，andKnowability-Unknownablity.

Theleaders，whocanactuallyexertcontroloverthestaff，excellentlygettaskinvolved，andsuccessfullyacceptedbythesubordinates，aremorelikelytoleadtheschoolintoabrightfuture.Theprinciplewhoholdsacontingencyview，maygivedifferentinductionstodifferentnewteachers，accordingtotheirdiversepersonalities.

Employmentcanbedifficult，andanyerrormayturntobetroublesomeandcostly.Thesubsequentprocessisnoteasier.Thatiswhythehumanresourcesmanagementhasbecomeacriticalelementtooperateasuccessfulschool.Humanresourcesadministratorsmustworknotonlytorecruittheproperstaff，butalsopromoteaschool’senvironment.

System1:exploitive-authoritative(orpunitive-authoritarian)，theleaderhasalowconcernforpeopleandusessuchmethodsasthreatsandotherfear-basedmethodstoachieveconformance.;System2:benevolent-authoritative(orpaternalistic-authoritarian)，theresponsibilityliesatthemanageriallevelsbutnotatthelowerlevelsoftheorganizationalhierarchy;System3:consultativesystem，thesuperiorhassubstantialbutnotcomplete，trustandconfidenceinhissubordinates;4:theparticipative(orgroupinteractive)modelofanorganizationalsystem，superiorshavecompleteconfidenceintheirsubordinates，andmotivationisbyeconomicrewardsbasedongoalswhichhavebeensetinparticipation.